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FAMILY EPHYDRIDAE
Paul L.Th. Beuk and Tadeusz Zatwarnicki Version date: 29-01-2024 14:47
Diagnosis. Very small to medium-sized flies of 1-11 mm. Body usually dark coloured. Head very variable in shape; many setae may be absent or present; arista may be distinctly pectinate, plumose or (almost) bare; subcranial cavity may be small to very large. Thorax dull to shining, with few to many setae. Wings hyaline to extensively darkened or patterned, costa with humeral and subcostal breaks, Sc incomplete, cell cup open. Legs occasionally with ventral armature, fore legs raptorial in Ochthera. Abdomen dull to glossy, often somewhat flattened.

Biology. Most species have aquatic or semi-aquatic larvae that may have developed structural or physiological adaptations to specific habitats. Larvae can be found in fresh water to very saline habitats, where they live of algae, bacteria, yeasts or even decaying animal matter and excrements; or they are phytophagous and mining in leaves or stems. Adults often are found on or near the soil in humid or wet habitats where they mate, oviposit or feed on a wide variety of matters like algae, honeydew, carrion, etc. Otherwise, adults may be found at some distance from humidity, e.g. on tree trunks and in vegetation. Some species have been recorded as pests in crops and greenhouses.

General references. Andersson (1971a [Limnellia]), Cogan (1984 [Palaearctic catalogue]), Collin (1966 [Hydrellia]), Hollmann-Schirrmacher (1998 [Ilytheinae]), Mathis (1982 [Setacera]), Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995 [world catalogue], 2007 [Notophilini, Dichaeta]), Mathis et al. (1993 [Mosillus], 2009 Philotelma), Stuke (2010a [Athyroglossa, Atissa, Diclasiopa, Ditrichophora, Gymnoclasiopa, Hecamedoides, Hyadina, Hydrellia], 2010b [Ilythea, Limnellia, Nostima, Paracoenia, Parydra, Pelina, Philygria, Psilopa, Scatella, Scatophila], 2011 [Hecamedoides, Schema]), Wirth (1975 [Ephydra]), Wirth et al. (1987 [general, key to genera]), Zatwarnicki (1988 [Hydrellia], 1992 [classification]), Zatwarnicki & Mathis (2011 [Glenanthe]).

References to the local fauna. Canzoneri (1996), Doorman (1962), Hollmann-Schirrmacher (1998), Mathis (1982), Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995, 2007), De Meijere (1907, 1928a, 1939b, 1946a), Mol (1984), Theowald (1952d), Wirth (1975), Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898), Zatwarnicki (1987).

How to quote this page: Beuk, P.L.Th., & T. Zatwarnicki, 2024. Family Ephydridae. In: Beuk, P.L.Th. (Ed.): Checklist of the Diptera of the Netherlands, https://diptera-info.nl/news.php?fam=Ephydridae (date accessed: 20/04/2024).

NL: 134, 1? B: 108 D: 106 UK: 142 World: 1800
 
EPHYDRIDAE
 
DISCOMYZINAE
 
  Discomyzini
                 
  Discomyza Meigen, 1830
  incurva (Fallén, 1823) N 
 
  Psilopini
                 
  Diasemocera Bezzi, 1895 Note 1
  glabricula (Fallén, 1813) Note 2
  = nigritella (Stenhammar, 1844)
  leucostoma (Meigen, 1830) N  Note 3
  marginella (Fallén, 1823) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 50) 
  nana Loew, 1860 N  Note 4
  roederi Girschner, 1889 N; added by Theowald (1952d: 131)  Note 5
                 
  Psilopa Fallén, 1823
  = Ephygrobia Schiner, 1862
  compta (Meigen, 1830)
  nitidula (Fallén, 1813)
  polita (Macquart, 1835) N; added by Canzoneri (1996: 53, 197) 
                 
  Trimerina Macquart, 1835
  madizans (Fallén, 1813)
 
EPHYDRINAE
 
  Ephydrini
                 
  Coenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
  = Caenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: incorrect spelling
  curvicauda (Meigen, 1830) N; first recorded in original checklist (Beuk & Zatwarnicki, 2002)  Note 6
  palustris (Fallén, 1823) N 
                 
  Ephydra Fallén, 1810
  macellaria Egger, 1862
  = riparia Fallén, 1813: misident. sensu De Meijere, 1946
  macellaria Egger, 1862
  riparia Fallén, 1813 N 
  = macellaria Egger, 1862: misident. sensu auct.; pro parte
  scholtzi Becker, 1896 N; added by Wirth (1975: 19) 
  = riparia Fallén, 1813: misident. sensu auct.; pro parte
                 
  Paracoenia Cresson, 1935
  fumosa (Stenhammar, 1844) N 
                 
  Setacera Cresson, 1930
  aurata (Stenhammar, 1844) N; added by Mathis (1982: 26) 
  = micans (Haliday, 1833): misident. sensu auct.; pro parte
  breviventris (Loew, 1860) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 51) 
  micans (Haliday, 1833)
 
  Parydrini
                 
  Parydra Stenhammar, 1844
  subg. Chaetoapnaea Hendel, 1930
  fossarum (Haliday, 1833)
  pusilla (Meigen, 1830)
  quadripunctata (Meigen, 1830)
  = littoralis (Meigen, 1830): misident. sensu Van der Wulp & De Meijere, 1898
  subg. Paranapaea Hendel, 1930
  pubera Loew, 1860 N 
  subg. Parydra Stenhammar, 1844
  aquila (Fallén, 1813) N 
  coarctata (Fallén, 1813)
  hecate (Haliday, 1833) N 
  = nigritarsis Strobl, 1893: misident. sensu De Meijere, 1928
  littoralis (Meigen, 1830) N; added by Wind & Dek (2018: 77) 
  nubecula Becker, 1896 N 
 
  Scatellini
                 
  Haloscatella Mathis, 1979
  dichaeta (Loew, 1860) N 
                 
  Lamproscatella Hendel, 1917
  sibilans (Haliday, 1833) N 
  = pilosigenis (Becker, 1896)
                 
  Limnellia Malloch, 1925
  fallax (Czerny, 1903)
  quadrata (Fallén, 1813)
  stenhammari (Zetterstedt, 1846)
                 
  Philotelma Becker, 1896
  defectum (Haliday, 1833) Note 7
  = nigripenne (Meigen, 1830): misident. sensu De Meijere , 1935
  parvum (Kramer, 1917) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 53) 
  rossii (Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1979) Note 7
  = defectum (Haliday, 1833): misident. sensu De Meijere, 1935
                 
  Scatella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
  subg. Neoscatella Malloch, 1933
  silacea Loew, 1860 N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 54) 
  subguttata (Meigen, 1830)
  = aestuans (Haliday, 1833)
  subg. Scatella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
  ciliata Collin, 1930 N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 55) 
  lacustris (Meigen, 1830) N; first listed by Zatwarnicki & A.G. Irwin (2018: 96), formally added as tenuicosta by Wind & Dek (2018: 80) 
  = tenuicosta Collin, 1930
  lutosa (Haliday, 1833)
  paludum (Meigen, 1830)
  = sorbillans (Haliday, 1839)
  stagnalis (Fallén, 1813)
                 
  Scatophila Becker, 1896
  caviceps (Stenhammar, 1844) N 
  cribrata (Stenhammar, 1844) N  Note 8
  despecta (Haliday, 1839) N 
  mesogramma (Loew, 1869) N; added by Zatwarnicki (1987: 283)  Note 9
  noctula (Meigen, 1830) N 
  = flavitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1846)
  = laevigata (Loew, 1860)
  quadriguttata (Meigen, 1830) N 
  signata (Loew, 1860) N 
  unicornis Czerny, 1900 N; first recorded in original checklist (Beuk & Zatwarnicki, 2002)  Note 10
                 
  Teichomyza Macquart, 1835
  fusca Macquart, 1835 N 
 
GYMNOMYZINAE
 
  Discocerinini
                 
  Diclasiopa Hendel, 1917
  lacteipennis (Loew, 1862) N; added by Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995: 164)  Note 11
                 
  Discocerina Macquart, 1835
  subg. Discocerina Macquart, 1835
  obscurella (Fallén, 1813) N 
                 
  Ditrichophora Cresson, 1924
  amoena (Duda, 1942) added by Zatwarnicki (2022: 409) 
  calceata (Meigen, 1830) N 
  fuscella (Stenhammar, 1844) N  Note 12
  = pulicaria (Haliday, 1839): misident. sensu auct.
  palliditarsis (Becker, 1896) N 
  = albifrons (Meigen, 1830): preocc.
                 
  Gymnoclasiopa Hendel, 1930
  aulisioi (Canzoner, 1976) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 57) 
  cinerella (Stenhammar, 1844) N; added by Canzoneri (1996: 53, 197) 
  nigerrima (Strobl, 1893) N; first recorded in original checklist (Beuk & Zatwarnicki, 2002)  Note 13
  plumosa (Fallén, 1813) N 
                 
  Hecamedoides Hendel, 1917
  glaucellus (Stenhammar, 1844) N 
                 
  Polytrichophora Cresson, 1924
  duplosetosa (Becker, 1896) N; added by Canzoneri (1996: 53, 197) 
 
  Gymnomyzini
                 
  Athyroglossa Loew, 1860
  subg. Athyroglossa Loew, 1860
  flaviventris (Meigen, 1830) N; first recorded in original checklist (Beuk & Zatwarnicki, 2002)  Note 14
  glabra (Meigen, 1830) N 
  subg. Parathyroglossa Hendel, 1931
  ordinata (Becker, 1896) added by Wind & Dek (2018: 73) 
                 
  Mosillus Latreille, 1804
  subsultans (Fabricius, 1794) N 
  = arcuatus Latreille, 1805
 
  Hecamedini
                 
  Allotrichoma Becker, 1896
  subg. Allotrichoma Becker, 1896
  simplex (Loew, 1861) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 59) 
                 
  Hecamede Curtis, 1837
  subg. Hecamede Curtis, 1837
  albicans (Meigen, 1830) N 
                 
  Subpelignus Papp, 1983
  limosinus (Becker, 1903) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 59) 
 
  Lipochaetini
                 
  Glenanthe Haliday, 1839
  fuscinervis Becker, 1896 N  Note 15
  = ripicola (Haliday, 1839): misident. sensu auct.
 
  Ochtherini
                 
  Ochthera Latreille, 1802
  subg. Ochthera Latreille, 1802
  manicata (Fabricius, 1794) N; added by Wind & Dek (2018: 75) 
  mantis (De Geer, 1776)
 
HYDRELLIINAE
 
  Atissini
                 
  Atissa Curtis, 1837
  pygmaea (Haliday, 1833) N 
                 
  Schema Becker, 1907
  durrenbergensis (Loew, 1864) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 60) 
 
  Hydrelliini
                 
  Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
  = Hydropota Rondani, 1861
  albifrons (Fallén, 1813) N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 71) 
  albilabris (Meigen, 1830) N 
  argyrogenis Becker, 1896 N 
  cardamines Haliday, 1839 N  Note 16
  = lapponica (Stenhammar, 1844): misident. sensu De Meijere, 1907
  cochleariae Haliday, 1839 N  Note 17
  = nigripes (Zetterstedt, 1838): misident. sensu Van der Wulp & De Meijere, 1898
  concolor (Stenhammar, 1844) N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 71) 
  fascitibia (von Roser, 1840) N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 72) 
  flaviceps (Meigen, 1830) N 
  flavicornis (Fallén, 1823) N 
  fulviceps (Stenhammar, 1833) N 
  = chrysostoma (Meigen, 1830): misident. sensu Van der Wulp & De Meijere, 1898
  fusca (Stenhammar, 1844)
  griseola (Fallén, 1813) N 
  ischiaca Loew, 1862 N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 73) 
  maculiventris (Becker, 1896) N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 74) 
  maura Meigen, 1838 N 
  = modesta Loew, 1860
  mutata (Zetterstedt, 1846)
  nigricans (Stenhammar, 1844) N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 76) 
  nigriceps (Meigen, 1830) added by Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995: 83)  Note 18
  obscura (Meigen, 1830) N 
  parafrontosa (Papp, 1983) N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 77) 
  porphyrops Haliday, 1839 N; added by Canzoneri (1996: 53, 197) 
  ranunculi Haliday, 1839
  = incana (Stenhammar, 1844)
  stratiotae Hering, 1925 Note 19
  subalbiceps Collin, 1966 N; added by Dek et al. (2023: 78)  Note 20
  tarsata Haliday, 1839 N 
  thoracica Haliday, 1839 N 
 
  Notiphilini Note 21
                 
  Dichaeta Meigen, 1830 Note 22
  caudata (Fallén, 1813)
  = brevicauda (Loew, 1860)
                 
  Notiphila Fallén, 1810
  subg. Agrolimna Cresson, 1917
  uliginosa Haliday, 1839
  venusta Loew, 1856
  subg. Notiphila Fallén, 1810
  annulipes Stenhammar, 1844
  brunipes (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
  = stagnicola Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: misident. sensu Van der Wulp & De Meijere, 1898
  = chamaeleon Becker, 1896
  = brunnipes (Loew, 1905): emend.
  cinerea Fallén, 1813
  dorsata Stenhammar, 1844
  maculata Stenhammar, 1844
  nigricornis Stenhammar, 1844
  riparia Meigen, 1830
 
ILYTHEINAE
 
  Hyadinini
                 
  Axysta Haliday, 1839
  cesta (Haliday, 1833) N 
  clausseni Stuke, 2022 N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 62) 
                 
  Hyadina Haliday, 1839
  guttata (Fallén, 1813)
  humeralis Becker, 1896   Note 23
  rufipes (Meigen, 1830)
  = nitida (Macquart, 1835)
  scutellata (Haliday, 1839)
                 
  Lytogaster Becker, 1896
  abdominalis (Stenhammar, 1844) N; added by Wind & Dek (2018: 75) 
                 
  Nostima Coquillett, 1900 Note 24
  picta (Fallén, 1813)
  picta (Fallén, 1813)
  semialata (Collin, 1913) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 63) 
                 
  Parydroptera Collin, 1913
  discomyzina Collin, 1913 N; added by Wind & Dek (2018: 78) 
                 
  Pelina Curtis, 1837
  aenea (Fallén, 1813) N; added by Wind et al. (2023: 64) 
  aenescens (Stenhammar, 1844) N 
  similis Papp, 1974 N  Note 25
  = aenea (Fallén, 1813): misident. sensu auct.
  subpunctata Becker, 1896 N; added by Wind & Dek (2018: 79) 
                 
  Philygria Stenhammar, 1844 Note 26
  femorata Stenhammar, 1844 N; added by Hollmann-Schirrmacher (1998: 73) 
  = interrupta (Haliday, 1833): misident. sensu Van der Wulp & De Meijere, 1898
  flavipes (Fallén, 1823)
  interrupta (Haliday, 1833)
  interstincta (Fallén, 1813)
  = maculipennis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
  = sexmaculata Becker, 1896
  punctatonervosa (Fallén, 1813)
  stictica (Meigen, 1830)
  vittipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) N; synonymy pointed out by Hollmann-Schirrmacher (1998: 85) 
  = trilineata De Meijere, 1907 T 
 
  Ilytheini
                 
  Ilythea Haliday, 1839
  spilota (Curtis, 1832) N 
 
Doubtful species
 
  Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830    
  geniculata (Stenhammar, 1844) occurrence according to Fauna Europaea (as geniculata flavitarsis)  Note 27
  = flavitarsis (Stenhammar, 1844) 
 
Deleted species
 
  Notiphila Fallén, 1810  
  subg. Notiphila Fallén, 1810  
  stagnicola (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) added by Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995: 112)  Note 28
 
Notes
Note 1 Resurrected from synonymy with Psilopa by Zatwarnicki (2018).
Note 2 Synonymy pointed out by Zatwarnicki (2018: 539).
Note 3 Transferredfrom Psilopa by Zatwarnicki (2018: 539).
Note 4 Transferredfrom Psilopa by Zatwarnicki (2018: 540).
Note 5 Transferred from Psilopa by Zatwarnicki (2018: 544).
Note 6 Material examined: NEDERLAND: no locality given (1 [m]: leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]); GELDERLAND: Doetinchem (1 [f]: 6.vi.1922, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]); NOORD-HOLLAND: Amsterdam (Koenenkade, 1 [m]: 6.vi.1922, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]), Hilversum (1 [m]: 20.ix.1904, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]; 1 [m], 1 [f]: 23.iii.1905, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]; 1 [m]: 20.iv.1905, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]; 1 [m]: 28.viii.1906, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]; 1 [m]: 9.iv.1909, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]; 1 [m]: 23.vii.1909, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]); OVERIJSSEL: Denekamp (2 [f][f]: 29.vii.1917, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]), Oldenzaal (1 [f]: 29.vii.1917, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]). All det. T. Zatwarnicki.
Note 7 Misidentification pointed out by Mathis et al. (2009).
Note 8 Part of the material initially recorded as S. cribrata by Van der Wulp & De Meijere (1898: 133) was later attributed to S. signata. De Meijere (1939b) does not list S. cribrata anymore but it is not clear whether this is due to the fact that the remaining material could not be checked or was identified to another species. Material was examined by Zatwarnicki recently, so this species can be maintained on the Dutch list.
Note 9 Material examined: LIMBURG: Pietersberg (1 [m]: 26.vii.1907, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]). Det. T. Zatwarnicki as S. infantina Becker (= mesogramma Loew).
Note 10 Material examined: NEDERLAND: no locality given (3 [m][m]: leg. Plantenziektenkundige Dienst [ZMAN]); NOORD-HOLLAND: Aalsmeer (1 [m], 1 [f]: vii.1939, leg. Plantenziektenkundige Dienst [ZMAN]); ZUID-HOLLAND: Leimuiden (1 [f]: 26.ix.1922, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]). All det. T. Zatwarnicki.
Note 11 This species was listed for the Netherlands by Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995: 164). Material examined: NOORD-HOLLAND: Amsterdam (1 [f]: 14.vi.1931, leg. J.C.H. de Meijere [ZMAN]), det. T. Zatwarnicki.
Note 12 Erroneously attributed to Haliday, 1839 in Beuk & Zatwarnicki, 2002).
Note 13 Material examined: NOORD-HOLLAND: Amsterdam (N.A.M., 1 [f]: 26.vii.1933, leg. G. Kruseman [ZMAN]). Det. T. Zatwarnicki.
Note 14 Material examined: ZUID-HOLLAND: Den Haag (1 [f]: 10.iv, leg. F.M. van der Wulp [ZMAN]). Det. T. Zatwarnicki.
Note 15 Misidentification pointed out by Zatwarnicki & Mathis (2011: 427).
Note 16 Again added as cardamines by Doorman (1962: 191). Zatwarnicki examined the Dutch material of H. lapponica and concluded that it was identical to H. cardamines. At present, the status of H. lapponica is not clear and it may wel be that it proves to be a junior synonym of H. cardamines.
Note 17 Erroneously ascribed to Zatwarnicki, 1988, by Beuk & Zatwarnicki (2002: 308 ).
Note 18 This species was listed by Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995: 83) but the source of their record is not given.
Note 19 Though first listed as misidentification of tarsata it is now treated a valid species by Zatwarnicki (2022: 402) who lists the same material as recorded by De Meijere (1928a: 45).
Note 20 Additional material examined: LIMBURG: Maastricht ENCI-groeve, nieuw kalkgrasland [GPS 50.8265N 5.6844E]: 1 [m]: 1-10.ix.2018, leg. NHM Maastricht, Malaise trap [NHMM ALC]).
Note 21 Placement of Notiphilini in Hydrellinae following Mathis & Zatwarnicki (2007).
Note 22 Treated as valid genus following Mathis & Zatwarnicki (2007).
Note 23 Again added by Canzoneri (1996: 53, 197).
Note 24 Nostima is treated as valid genus following Edmiston & Mathis (2005) and placed in the tribe Hyadinini following Hollmann-Schirmacher (1998).
Note 25 All material under P. aenea at the ZMAN that was checked proved to belong to P. similis. The material recorded by Canzoneri (1996: 53, 197) could not be examined and may still prove to belong to P. aenea.
Note 26 Philygria is placed in the tribe Hyadinini following Hollmann-Schirmacher (1998).
Note 27 Occurrence in the Netherlands could not be confirmed, see Dek et al. (2023: 69).
Note 28 This species was mentioned for the Netherlands by Mathis & Zatwarnicki (1995: 112) on the basis of the misidentification listed by De Meijere (1939b: 162). No material under this name is deposited in De Meijere's collection at ZMAN. Therefore this species is here deleted from the Dutch list.
 
The latest revisions at different levels
The family introduction was last edited on 14-01-2016 10:53
Notiphilini was the last tribe to be edited on 15-11-2022 13:36
Schema was the last (sub)genus to be edited on 02-08-2023 12:19
Ditrichophora fuscella was the last (sub)species to be edited on 29-01-2024 14:47















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